The Lord came from Sinai
and revealed himself 14 to Israel 15 from Seir.
He appeared in splendor 16 from Mount Paran,
and came forth with ten thousand holy ones. 17
With his right hand he gave a fiery law 18 to them.
34:9 Now Joshua son of Nun was full of the spirit of wisdom, for Moses had placed his hands on him; 19 and the Israelites listened to him and did just what the Lord had commanded Moses.
1 tn The Hebrew text includes “in their hand,” which is unnecessary and somewhat redundant in English style.
2 sn Horites. Most likely these are the same as the well-known people of ancient Near Eastern texts described as Hurrians. They were geographically widespread and probably non-Semitic. Genesis speaks of them as the indigenous peoples of Edom that Esau expelled (Gen 36:8-19, 31-43) and also as among those who confronted the kings of the east (Gen 14:6).
3 tn Most modern English versions, beginning with the ASV (1901), regard vv. 10-12 as parenthetical to the narrative.
4 sn Aroer. Now known as àAraáir on the northern edge of the Arnon river, Aroer marked the southern limit of Moab and, later, of the allotment of the tribe of Reuben (Josh 13:9, 16).
5 tn Heb “the city in the wadi.” This enigmatic reference may refer to Ar or, more likely, to Aroer itself. Epexegetically the text might read, “From Aroer…, that is, the city in the wadi.” See D. L. Christensen, Deuteronomy 1–11 (WBC), 49.
6 tn Heb “in the mountain.” The demonstrative pronoun has been used in the translation for stylistic reasons.
7 tn Heb “in order to multiply horses.” The translation uses “do so” in place of “multiply horses” to avoid redundancy (cf. NAB, NIV).
8 tn Heb “man,” but in a generic sense here.
9 tn The Hebrew term translated here “abhorrent” (תּוֹעֵבָה, to’evah) speaks of attitudes and/or behaviors so vile as to be reprehensible to a holy God. See note on the word “abhorrent” in Deut 7:25.
10 tn Heb “craftsman’s hands.”
11 tn Or “So be it!” The term is an affirmation expressing agreement with the words of the Levites.
12 tn Heb “the anger and the wrath.” This construction is a hendiadys intended to intensify the emotion.
13 tn Heb “sons” (so NASB); KJV, ASV, NIV, NRSV “children.”
14 tn Or “rose like the sun” (NCV, TEV).
15 tc Heb “to him.” The LXX reads “to us” (לָנוּ [lanu] for לָמוֹ [lamo]), the reading of the MT is acceptable since it no doubt has in mind Israel as a collective singular.
tn Heb “him”; the referent (Israel) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
16 tn Or “he shone forth” (NAB, NIV, NRSV, NLT).
17 tc With slight alteration (מִמְרִבַת קָדֵשׁ [mimrivat qadesh] for the MT’s מֵרִבְבֹת קֹדֶשׁ [merivvot qodesh]) the translation would be “from Meribah Kadesh” (cf. NAB, NLT; see Deut 32:51). However, the language of holy war in the immediate context favors the reading of the MT, which views the Lord as accompanied by angelic hosts.
18 tc The mispointed Hebrew term אֵשְׁדָּת (’eshdat) should perhaps be construed as אֵשְׁהַת (’eshhat) with Smr.
19 sn See Num 27:18.