8:9 From one of them came a small horn. 1 But it grew to be very big, toward the south and the east and toward the beautiful land. 2
1 sn This small horn is Antiochus IV Epiphanes, who controlled the Seleucid kingdom from ca. 175-164
2 sn The expression the beautiful land (Heb. הַצֶּבִי [hatsÿvi] = “the beauty”) is a cryptic reference to the land of Israel. Cf. 11:16, 41, where it is preceded by the word אֶרֶץ (’erets, “land”).
3 sn Presumably seas refers to the Mediterranean Sea and the Dead Sea.