Daniel 8:8

8:8 The male goat acted even more arrogantly. But no sooner had the large horn become strong than it was broken, and there arose four conspicuous horns ¹  in its place, ²  extending toward the four winds of the sky. ³ 

Daniel 8:22

8:22 The horn that was broken ⁴  and in whose place there arose four others stands for four kingdoms that will arise from his nation, though they will not have his strength.

Daniel 9:11

9:11 “All Israel has broken ⁵  your law and turned away by not obeying you. ⁶  Therefore you have poured out on us the judgment solemnly threatened ⁷  in the law of Moses the servant of God, for we have sinned against you. ⁸ 

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¹ tn The word “horns” is not in the Hebrew text, but is implied.

² sn The four conspicuous horns refer to Alexander’s successors. After his death, Alexander’s empire was divided up among four of his generals: Cassander, who took Macedonia and Greece; Lysimachus, who took Thrace and parts of Asia Minor; Seleucus, who took Syria and territory to its east; and Ptolemy, who took control of Egypt.

³ tn Or “the heavens.” The Hebrew term שָׁמַיִם (shamayim) may be translated “heavens” or “sky” depending on the context.

⁴ tn Heb “the broken one.” The word “horn” has been supplied in the translation to clarify the referent.

⁵ tn Or “transgressed.” The Hebrew verb has the primary sense of crossing a boundary, in this case, God’s law.

⁶ tn Heb “by not paying attention to your voice.”

⁷ tn Heb “the curse and the oath which is written.” The term “curse” refers here to the judgments threatened in the Mosaic law (see Deut 28) for rebellion. The expression “the curse and the oath” is probably a hendiadys (cf. Num 5:21; Neh 10:29) referring to the fact that the covenant with its threatened judgments was ratified by solemn oath and made legally binding upon the covenant community.

⁸ tn Heb “him.”