Daniel 8:8

8:8 The male goat acted even more arrogantly. But no sooner had the large horn become strong than it was broken, and there arose four conspicuous horns 1  in its place, 2  extending toward the four winds of the sky. 3 

Daniel 10:6

10:6 His body resembled yellow jasper, 4  and his face had an appearance like lightning. His eyes were like blazing torches; 5  his arms and feet had the gleam of polished bronze. His voice 6  thundered forth like the sound of a large crowd.

Daniel 11:10-11

11:10 His sons 7  will wage war, mustering a large army which will advance like an overflowing river and carrying the battle all the way to the enemy’s 8  fortress. 9 

11:11 “Then the king of the south 10  will be enraged and will march out to fight against the king of the north, who will also muster a large army, but that army will be delivered into his hand.

1 tn The word “horns” is not in the Hebrew text, but is implied.

2 sn The four conspicuous horns refer to Alexander’s successors. After his death, Alexander’s empire was divided up among four of his generals: Cassander, who took Macedonia and Greece; Lysimachus, who took Thrace and parts of Asia Minor; Seleucus, who took Syria and territory to its east; and Ptolemy, who took control of Egypt.

3 tn Or “the heavens.” The Hebrew term שָׁמַיִם (shamayim) may be translated “heavens” or “sky” depending on the context.

4 tn The Hebrew word translated “yellow jasper” is תַּרשִׁישׁ (tarshish); it appears to be a semiprecious stone, but its exact identity is somewhat uncertain. It may be the yellow jasper, although this is conjectural. Cf. NAB, NIV “chrysolite”; NASB, NRSV “beryl.”

5 tn Heb “torches of fire.”

6 tn Heb “The sound of his words” (cf. v. 9).

7 sn The sons of Seleucus II Callinicus were Seleucus III Ceraunus (ca. 227-223 B.C.) and Antiochus III the Great (ca. 223-187 B.C.).

8 tn Heb “his”; the referent (the enemy of the king of the north) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

9 tn Heb “and he will certainly come and overflow and cross over and return and be aroused unto a fortress.” The translation has attempted to simplify the syntax of this difficult sequence.

10 sn This king of the south refers to Ptolemy IV Philopator (ca. 221-204 B.C.).