4:35 All the inhabitants of the earth are regarded as nothing. 1
He does as he wishes with the army of heaven
and with those who inhabit the earth.
No one slaps 2 his hand
and says to him, ‘What have you done?’
“O Lord, 13 great and awesome God who is faithful to his covenant 14 with those who love him and keep his commandments,
1 tc The present translation reads כְּלָא (kÿla’), with many medieval Hebrew
2 tn Aram “strikes against.”
3 tn Aram “walk.”
4 tc Theodotion lacks the words “came by collusion to the king and.”
5 tn Aram “the king.”
6 tn Aram “know”; NAB “Keep in mind”; NASB “Recognize”; NIV, NCV “Remember.”
7 tn Aram “mouth.”
8 sn The purpose of the den being sealed was to prevent unauthorized tampering with the opening of the den. Any disturbance of the seal would immediately alert the officials to improper activity of this sort.
9 tn Aram “the signet rings.”
10 tn Aram “what is certain.”
11 tn Aram “and made known.”
12 tn Aram “matter,” but the matter at hand is of course the vision.
13 tn The Hebrew term translated “Lord” here and in vv. 7, 9, 15, 16, and 19 is אֲדֹנָי (’adonay).
14 tn Heb “who keeps the covenant and the loyal love.” The expression is a hendiadys.
15 sn The name Kittim has various designations in extra-biblical literature. It can refer to a location on the island of Cyprus, or more generally to the island itself, or it can be an inclusive term to refer to parts of the Mediterranean world that lay west of the Middle East (e.g., Rome). For ships of Kittim the Greek OT (LXX) has “Romans,” an interpretation followed by a few English versions (e.g., TEV). A number of times in the Dead Sea Scrolls the word is used in reference to the Romans. Other English versions are more generic: “[ships] of the western coastlands” (NIV, NLT); “from the west” (NCV, CEV).
16 sn This is apparently a reference to the Roman forces, led by Gaius Popilius Laenas, which confronted Antiochus when he came to Egypt and demanded that he withdraw or face the wrath of Rome. Antiochus wisely withdrew from Egypt, albeit in a state of bitter frustration.
17 tn Heb “show regard for.”
18 tn Heb “act against.”
19 tn Heb “with.”
20 tn Or perhaps “for a reward.”