Amos 1:4

1:4 So I will set Hazael’s house on fire;

fire will consume Ben Hadad’s fortresses.

Amos 1:7

1:7 So I will set Gaza’s city wall on fire;

fire will consume her fortresses.

Amos 1:10

1:10 So I will set fire to Tyre’s city wall;

fire will consume her fortresses.”

Amos 1:12

1:12 So I will set Teman on fire;

fire will consume Bozrah’s 10  fortresses.”

Amos 1:14

1:14 So I will set fire to Rabbah’s 11  city wall; 12 

fire 13  will consume her fortresses.

War cries will be heard on the day of battle; 14 

a strong gale will blow on the day of the windstorm. 15 


tn “Hazael’s house” (“the house of Hazael”) refers to the dynasty of Hazael.

sn Hazael took the throne of Aram in 843 b.c. and established a royal dynasty. See 2 Kgs 8:7-15 and W. Pitard, Ancient Damascus, 145-60.

tn Heb “it”; the referent (the fire mentioned in the previous line) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

sn Ben-hadad may refer to Hazael’s son and successor (2 Kgs 13:3, 24) or to an earlier king (see 1 Kgs 20), perhaps the ruler whom Hazael assassinated when he assumed power.

sn The city wall symbolizes the city’s defenses and security.

tn Heb “it”; the referent (the fire mentioned in the previous line) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

sn The city wall symbolizes the city’s defenses and security.

tn Heb “it”; the referent (the fire mentioned in the previous line) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

sn Teman was an important region (or perhaps city) in Edom.

tn Heb “it”; the referent (the fire mentioned in the previous line) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

10 sn Bozrah was a city located in northern Edom.

11 sn Rabbah was the Ammonite capital.

12 sn The city wall symbolizes the city’s defenses and security.

13 tn Heb “it”; the referent (the fire mentioned in the previous line) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

14 tn Heb “with a war cry in the day of battle.”

15 tn Heb “with wind in the day of the windstorm.”

sn A windstorm is a metaphor for judgment and destruction in the OT (see Isa 29:6; Jer 23:19) and ancient Near Eastern literature.