1:15 Ammon’s 1 king will be deported; 2
he and his officials 3 will be carried off 4 together.”
The Lord has spoken!
7:7 He showed me this: I saw 5 the sovereign One 6 standing by a tin 7 wall holding tin in his hand.
1 tn Heb “their”; the referent (Ammon) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
2 tn Heb “will go into exile.”
3 tn Or “princes” (KJV, NAB, NASB, NLT); TEV “officers”; CEV “leaders.”
4 tn The words “will be carried off” are supplied in the translation for clarification.
5 tn Heb “behold” or “look.”
6 tn Or “the Lord.” The Hebrew term translated “sovereign One” here and in the following verse is אֲדֹנָי (’adonay).
7 tn The Hebrew word אֲנָךְ (’anakh, “tin”) occurs only in this passage (twice in this verse and twice in the following verse). (Its proposed meaning is based on an Akkadian cognate annaku.) The tin wall of the vision, if it symbolizes Israel, may suggest weakness and vulnerability to judgment. See S. M. Paul, Amos (Hermeneia), 233-35. The symbolic significance of God holding tin in his hand and then placing tin among the people is unclear. Possibly the term אֲנָךְ in v. 8b is a homonym meaning “grief” (this term is attested in postbiblical Hebrew). In this case there is a wordplay, the אֲנָךְ (“tin”) of the vision suggesting the אֲנָךְ (“grief”) that judgment will bring upon the land. See F. I. Andersen and D. N. Freedman, Amos (AB), 759. Another option is to maintain the meaning “tin” and understand that the Lord has ripped off a piece of the tin wall and placed it in front of all to see. Their citadels, of which the nation was so proud and confident, are nothing more than tin fortresses. The traditional interpretation of these verses (reflected in many English versions) understands the term אֲנָךְ to mean “lead,” and by extension, “plumb line.” In this case, one may translate: “I saw the sovereign one standing by a wall built true to plumb holding a plumb line in his hand. The