Acts 2:6

2:6 When this sound ¹  occurred, a crowd gathered and was in confusion, ²  because each one heard them speaking in his own language.

Acts 16:20

16:20 When ³  they had brought them ⁴  before the magistrates, they said, “These men are throwing our city into confusion. ⁵  They are ⁶  Jews

Acts 19:32

19:32 So then some were shouting one thing, some another, for the assembly was in confusion, and most of them did not know why they had met together. ⁷ 

Acts 21:31

21:31 While they were trying ⁸  to kill him, a report ⁹  was sent up ¹⁰  to the commanding officer ¹¹  of the cohort ¹²  that all Jerusalem was in confusion. ¹³ 

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¹ tn Or “this noise.”

² tn Or “was bewildered.”

³ tn Grk “And when.” Because of the difference between Greek style, which often begins sentences or clauses with “and,” and English style, which generally does not, καί (kai) has not been translated here.

⁴ tn Grk “having brought them.” The participle ἐπιλαβόμενοι (epilabomenoi) has been taken temporally. It is also possible in English to translate this participle as a finite verb: “they brought them before the magistrates and said.”

⁵ tn BDAG 309 s.v. ἐκταράσσω has “agitate, cause trouble to, throw into confusion” for the meaning of this verb.

⁶ tn Grk “being Jews, and they are proclaiming.” The participle ὑπάρχοντες (Juparconte") has been translated as a finite verb due to requirements of contemporary English style.

⁷ tn Or “had assembled.”

⁸ tn Grk “seeking.”

⁹ tn Or “information” (originally concerning a crime; BDAG 1050 s.v. φάσις).

¹⁰ tn Grk “went up”; this verb is used because the report went up to the Antonia Fortress where the Roman garrison was stationed.

¹¹ tn Grk “the chiliarch” (an officer in command of a thousand soldiers). In Greek the term χιλίαρχος (ciliarco") literally described the “commander of a thousand,” but it was used as the standard translation for the Latin tribunus militum or tribunus militare, the military tribune who commanded a cohort of 600 men.

¹² sn A cohort was a Roman military unit of about 600 soldiers, one-tenth of a legion.

¹³ tn BDAG 953 s.v. συγχέω has “Pass. w. act.force be in confusion…ὅλη συγχύννεται ᾿Ιερουσαλήμ 21:31.”