Acts 12:2-4

12:2 He had James, the brother of John, executed with a sword. ¹  12:3 When he saw that this pleased the Jews, ²  he proceeded to arrest Peter too. (This took place during the feast of Unleavened Bread.) ³  12:4 When he had seized him, he put him in prison, handing him over to four squads ⁴  of soldiers to guard him. Herod ⁵  planned ⁶  to bring him out for public trial ⁷  after the Passover.

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¹ sn The expression executed with a sword probably refers to a beheading. James was the first known apostolic martyr (Eusebius, Eccl. Hist. 2.9.1-3). On James, not the Lord’s brother, see Luke 5:10; 6:14. This death ended a short period of peace noted in Acts 9:31 after the persecution mentioned in 8:1-3.

² tn This could be a reference to the Jewish people (so CEV) or to the Jewish leaders (so NLT). The statement in v. 4 that Herod intended to bring Peter “out to the people” (i.e., for a public trial) may suggest the former is somewhat more likely.

³ sn This is a parenthetical note by the author.

⁴ sn Four squads of soldiers. Each squad was a detachment of four soldiers.

⁵ tn Grk “guard him, planning to bring him out.” The Greek construction continues with a participle (βουλόμενος, boulomeno") and an infinitive (ἀναγαγεῖν, anagagein), but this creates an awkward and lengthy sentence in English. Thus a reference to Herod was introduced as subject and the participle translated as a finite verb (“Herod planned”).

⁶ tn Or “intended”; Grk “wanted.”

⁷ tn Grk “to bring him out to the people,” but in this context a public trial (with certain condemnation as the result) is doubtless what Herod planned. L&N 15.176 translates this phrase “planning to bring him up for a public trial after the Passover.”