1 tn Grk “what you heard from me” (cf. 1:13).
2 tn Grk “through many witnesses.” The “through” is used here to show attendant circumstances: “accompanied by,” “in the presence of.”
3 tn Grk “faithful men”; but here ἀνθρώποις (anqrwpoi") is generic, referring to both men and women.
4 tn Or “able” (see Paul’s use of this word in regard to ministry in 2 Cor 2:16; 3:5-6).
5 tn Grk “suffer hardship together,” implying “join with me and others in suffering” (cf. 1:8).
6 tn Grk “that he may please.”
7 tn Grk “will not be crowned,” speaking of the wreath awarded to the victor.
8 sn According to the rules (Grk “lawfully, by law”) referring to the rules of competition. In the ancient world these included requirements for training as well as rules for the competition itself.
9 tn The Greek word here usually means “for,” but is used in this verse for a milder continuation of thought.
10 tn Grk “in all things.”