10:13 So Joab and his men 3 marched out to do battle with the Arameans, and they fled before him.
22:8 The earth heaved and shook; 6
the foundations of the sky 7 trembled. 8
They heaved because he was angry.
22:18 He rescued me from my strong enemy, 9
from those who hate me,
for they were too strong for me.
23:6 But evil people are like thorns –
all of them are tossed away,
for they cannot be held in the hand.
1 tn Heb “people.”
2 tn Heb “he arranged.”
3 tn Heb “and the army which was with him.”
4 tn Heb “they fell.”
5 tn Heb “his servants.”
6 tn The earth heaved and shook. The imagery pictures an earthquake, in which the earth’s surface rises and falls. The earthquake motif is common in Old Testament theophanies of God as warrior and in ancient Near eastern literary descriptions of warring gods and kings. See R. B. Chisholm, “An Exegetical and Theological Study of Psalm 18/2 Samuel 22” (Th.D. diss., Dallas Theological Seminary, 1983), 160-62.
7 tn Ps 18:7 reads “the roots of the mountains.”
8 tn In this poetic narrative context the prefixed verbal form is best understood as a preterite indicating past tense, not an imperfect. Note the three prefixed verbal forms with vav consecutive in the verse.
9 tn The singular refers either to personified death or collectively to the psalmist’s enemies. The following line, which refers to “those [plural] who hate me,” favors the latter.
10 map For location see Map5-B1; Map6-F3; Map7-E2; Map8-F2; Map10-B3; JP1-F4; JP2-F4; JP3-F4; JP4-F4.