1 tn Grk “to whom,” introducing a subordinate relative clause.
2 tn Grk “the ancient judgment.”
3 tn Grk “is not idle.”
4 tn Greek has “and their.” As introducing a synonymous parallel, it is superfluous in English.
5 tn Grk “having eyes.” See note on “men” at the beginning of v. 12.
6 tn Grk “full of an adulteress.”
7 tn Grk “and unceasing from sin.” Some translate this “insatiable for sin,” but such a translation is based on a textual variant with inadequate support.
8 tn Grk “enticing.” See note on “men” at the beginning of v. 12.
9 tn “People” is literally “souls.” The term ψυχή (yuch) can refer to one’s soul, one’s life, or oneself.
10 tn Grk “having hearts trained in greediness, children of cursing.” The participles continue the general description of the false teachers, without strong grammatical connection. The genitive κατάρας (kataras, “of cursing”) is taken attributively here.
11 tn Although many modern translations (e.g., NASB, TEV, NIV, CEV, NLT) read “Beor” here, this is due to harmonization with the OT rather than following a variant textual reading. The Greek text of NA27 reads “Bosor,” an otherwise unattested form of the name of Balaam’s father.
12 tn “Wages of unrighteousness” in Greek is the same expression found in v. 13, “wages for harmful ways.” The repetition makes the link between the false teachers and Balaam more concrete.