1 tn Heb “and Edom rebelled from under the hand of Judah until this day.”
2 tn Or “from Jehoram’s control”; Heb “from under his hand.” The pronominal suffix may refer to Judah in general or, more specifically, to Jehoram.
3 tn Heb “he.” This pronoun could refer to Judah, but the context focuses on Jehoram’s misdeeds. See especially v. 11.
4 tn Or “made him swear an oath.”
5 tn Heb “and he stiffened his neck and strengthened his heart from returning.”