1 Samuel 7:3

7:3 Samuel said to all the people of Israel, “If you are really turning to the Lord with all your hearts, remove from among you the foreign gods and the images of Ashtoreth.¹ Give your hearts to the Lord and serve only him. Then he will deliver you² from the hand of the Philistines.”

1 Samuel 12:10

12:10 Then they cried out to the Lord and admitted,³ ‘We have sinned, for we have forsaken the Lord and have served the Baals and the images of Ashtoreth.⁴ Now deliver us from the hand of our enemies so that we may serve you.’⁵

1 Samuel 17:46

17:46 This very day the Lord will deliver you into my hand! I will strike you down and cut off your head. This day I will give the corpses of the Philistine army to the birds of the sky and the wild animals of the land. Then all the land will realize that Israel has a God

¹tn Heb “the Ashtarot” (plural; also in the following verse). The words “images of” are supplied for clarity.

sn The Semitic goddess Astarte was associated with love and war in the ancient Near East. The presence of Ashtarot in Israel is a sign of pervasive pagan and idolatrous influences; hence Samuel calls for their removal. See 1 Sam 31:10, where the Philistines deposit the armor of the deceased Saul in the temple of the Ashtarot, and 1 Kgs 11:5, 33; 2 Kgs 23:13, where Solomon is faulted for worshiping the Ashtarot.

²tn Following imperatives, the jussive verbal form with the prefixed conjunction indicates purpose/result.

³tn Heb “and said.”

⁴tn Heb “the Ashtarot” (plural). The words “images of” are supplied in both vv. 3 and 4 for clarity.

sn The Semitic goddess Astarte was associated with love and war in the ancient Near East. See the note on the same term in 7:3.

⁵tn After the imperative, the prefixed verbal form with the prefixed conjunction indicates purpose/result.